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From "The Study Circle Handbook"
a publication of the Study Circles Resource Center, Pomfret, CT

A study circle is made up of 5-20 people who agree to meet together several times to learn about a social or political issue in a democratic and collaborative way. Complex issues are broken down into manageable subdivisions, and controversial topics are dealt with in depth. While single-session programs can result in meaningful and productive dialogue, multiple sessions generate continuity and camaraderie within the group. Reading material serves to catalyze the discussion and provides a common reference point.

Philosophy and background
As an informal, practical, and effective method for adult learning and social change, the study circle is rooted in the civic movements of 19th century America, and the use of study circles and similar small-group discussion programs is growing rapidly in the United States and many other places around the world.

Study circles are voluntary and highly participatory. They assist participants in confronting challenging issues and in making difficult choices. Study circles engage citizens in public and organizational concerns, bringing the wisdom of ordinary people to bear on difficult issues. Cooperation and participation are stressed so that the group can capitalize on the experience of all its members.

The study circle is a small-group democracy in action; all viewpoints are taken seriously and each participant has an equal opportunity to participate. The process- democratic discussion among equals- is as important as the context.

Roles
The study circle leader is vital to the group’s success. The leader makes sure the discussion is lively but focused. He or she models respectful listening and encourages participants to share their knowledge, experiences, and opinions. Some people find it helpful to share leadership tasks with a co-moderator.

The study circle organizer- who may be the same person as the leader- selects the reading material, recruits participants, arranges the logistics for the meetings, and chooses the discussion leader.

Participants, whose commitment and interest are essential for a study circle’s success, ultimately "own" the study circle. Their clear understanding of both their role and the leader’s role helps create a democratic and collaborative environment.

Goals
The goal of a study circle is to deepen participants’ understanding of an issue by focusing on the values that underline opinions. Perhaps the most important question a study circle leader can ask is: "What experiences or beliefs might lead decent and caring people to support that point of view?" The group works through difficult issues and grapples with the choices that society or their organization is facing.

Study circles seek "common ground" - that is, areas of general agreement- but consensus or compromise is not necessary. Study circles differ from typical meetings in that they do not begin with a specific desired outcome. Deliberation is the goal. However, study circles often lead to social and political action, both by individual participants and by the group. In the final session, leaders may encourage participants to share information about what is going on in their community or organization and to discuss action they might take after the study circle ends.